Human parasites are parasites, whose infection is subject to a person. The general definition of the word "parasite" applies not only to multicellular and protozoa, living at the expense of its owner and to the detriment of the latter, but also viruses, bacteria and fungi with similar qualities. According to the historical tradition, and from the point of view of medical parasitology, it is customary to call any creature that leads a parasite lifestyle, with the exception of viruses and bacteria with similar qualities.
Parasites include many helminths, fungi, viruses, protozoa, worms, crustaceans, spider -shaped insects. Parasites owners can be bacteria, simpler, plants, animals and humans. The parasites suffer a complex development cycle: sometimes they need a change of 2-3 owners whose body is intermediate (the helminths pass the larval stages) or final (the helminths become invasive).
Of history:
The study of parasites in ancient people is based on the study of feces and other petrified material. The first parasites found in man were the Westermani Paragonimus eggs of the North Chile, discovered in the hardened and dated feces approximately 5900 a. C. Mi. In Brazil, anquilostoma eggs of 5000 BCs were also found. E mi. And the Egyptian mummies dating from 2000, 1250 and 1000 years. B. C. my. They contained a soliter egg, along with a well preserved female worm.
In Berlin, for the period 1866-1875. 16% of all open bodies contained worms of worms. Bull Taperly (Taeniarhynchus saginatus) was especially widespread where raw cattle was ate. In St. Petersburg, according to Kessler, 3, 66 % of the people investigated by him suffered this parasite (1888). The Pork Tekenia (Taenia Solio) is found everywhere in areas where they eat raw or semi-saw meat. In St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th century, approximately 3 % of the population suffered this parasite. When they began to avoid the use of raw meat, the percentage of diseases decreased extremely, for example, in Denmark from 53 % to 20 % for 10-12 years. Dypilidium caninum lives in the intestines of dogs and cats, and rarely in children's intestines. Cases of children infection at the end of the 19th century were known from England, Germany, Denmark: infection occurs exclusively when fleas swallow.
Parasites and its download(The products of your life) are the strongest poisons for the human body. They cause severe acidification and thickening of blood and the entire internal environment. They cause the most serious health disorders. Of bronchitis to oncology. Destroy a person's psyche, deprived of peace and sleep. In the child's body, parasites avoid the normal development of the child's nervous system and, with a current disease, contribute to mental and physical backwardness.
Classification
By distribution:
- Ubiquette - Know everywhere.
- Tropical: distributed in tropical climatic zones.
On biological and epidemiological characteristics:
- Geohelmints is a disease in which helminths develop for the first time in the human body, and then in substrate, more frequently on earth.
- Biohelmintos are a disease in which a biological cycle of helminth development in the body of other living beings must take place, except a person. Distinguish between the final owners, in the body from which the helminths develop to the sexually mature stage, as well as the intermediates, where the parasite is in the stage of the larva or its reproduction is not sexually. A person is more often the final owner, less frequently, intermediate.
- Contact Helmintiasis is a disease in which parasites are distinguished from the mature or almost mature human body, as a result of which the infection of another person is possible or the reinfection of itself (self -infraction, reinvasion).
Depending on the location of the parasite in the body:
- Illustration: living in the cavity of the intestines and other cavities of a person (for example, ascardians, tapes).
- Fabric - Living in fabrics (Systematis, Ehinokokkoz).
In the place of stay in the owner:
- External: mosquitoes, blind, leeches, lice.
- Internal(Helmintias):Round worms(Nematodos - Ascarids, Filaria, Vlasov, Pinworms, Strungyloids, Acylostomidae, Trichinella);Flat worms:
- Trematodes (Sils - Cat Bickelter (Opisthorchis), Cloner, Fasciola, schistosomas);
- Cestodes (tape worms: bull and pork tape, dwarf tan, wide tape, echinococcus).
- Bacteriosis(Leptospira, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Shigella).
- Protois(Amebas, Giardia, Trichomonas, often the owners of the Clamidia and AIDS virus).
- Mycosis(Fungal diseases) - Candida, Cryptococcus, Penicillium.
How do parasites enter the body?
Parasitism can be infected not only through dirty hands. Animal hair is a worker of worms (Ascaride and Toxocara), Lamblia. Lombic eggs that have fallen from wool remain viability for up to 6 months and through dust, toys, carpets, underwear and bedding and hands fall into the food tract. A dog through wet breathing disperses eggs at a distance of 5 meters (cat - up to 3 meters). Dog fleas also tolerate worm eggs. Askarid eggs enter the body through poorly washed vegetables, fruits, berries, vegetables, dirty hands and also extend to flies. And barbecue or cooking homemade butter is the path of infection with trricinelosis; Baded fish, caviar - opistorchiasis and wide tape.
So, there are several ways to enter the body:
- food food (through infected foods, water, dirty hands);
- House-Household (through household items, members of the infected family, pets);
- Transmissible (through bloodstream insects);
- percutaneous or active (in which the larva penetrates through the skin or mucous membranes during contact with the infected soil, when bathing in open deposits).
Parasites symptoms
It is not necessary that the infection manifests itself at all. Sometimes a person feels healthy, despite the invasion, thanks to strong immunity. Some individual time will be healthy. Then, consequently, the extinction of immunity (a decomposition can occur at any time of stress, surgery, disease): the silent signal parasite will still begin to serve. This is a urine with a smell, acne on the skin, stubborn cough with clean lungs, unstable stool with a spicy smell or constipation, gas formation, unpleasant smell of the mouth. The most specific manifestation of the presence of helminths in the body is Bruxism (nightclub of the teeth). Night salivation, the usual nausea, the perversion of the appetite of the night hunger, the indefatigable hunger, the addiction to sweet and acidic foods and the air handkerchief. Children have a decrease in appetite or electoral appetite. Sometimes there are people with greater appetite, but at the same time they lose weight.
General signs of parasitic invasions
Constipation, stagnation of bile
Some worms, due to its form and large sizes, can mechanically close the light of the intestines, the biliary tract ducts, which leads to a deterioration in peristalsis, the formation of constipation, complete or partial intestinal obstruction. Hlybon invasion can cause the blocking of the common bile duct, which leads to the difficulty in the exit of the bile, mechanical jaundice.
Diarrhea
Several parasites, especially protozoa, produce substances similar to prostaglandins, which lead to sodium and chlorides to loss, which, in turn, causes frequent water intestine movements diarrhea.
Gastric and intestinal discomfort syndrome
Parasites living in the upper intestine cause inflammation and lead to the interruption of intestines, swelling. This leads to a decrease in nutrient absorption. As a result, fats that must be absorbed in the small intestine fall into the colon, causing cramps, alternate constipation and diarrhea.
Joint pain and muscles
Parasites can move around the human body to settle in the most convenient places, for example, in joint liquid and muscles. The inflammation of the fabric is the result of injuring them with parasites or the immune response of the body to its presence. At the same time, a person experiences muscle and joint pain.
Allergy
Parasites can interrupt the normal permeability of the intestinal mucosa, which increases the risk of penetrating large food particles not digested in them. This activates the immune response of the body, the level of eosinophils, increases the protective blood cells of our body, which contribute to the development of allergic reactions. Parasites cause greater production by the immunoglobulin E body, which improves allergic reactions.
Problematic skin
Intestinal parasites can cause allergic reactions in the skin: atopic, urticaria dermatitis, eczema. Most of the time, inflammatory changes in the skin can be the result of the presence of protozoa microorganisms (lamblia, fungi) and Opisthorchis.
Change body weight
Weight fluctuations (both normal and less) can be the result of a parasitic disease. Weight reduction is due to the fact that digestion is affected in the body, since there is an "internal consumer. "Obesity is also a consequence of the "robbery" of the human body with helminical invasion. The feeling of hunger occurs with a strong drop in blood sugar due to the activity of Helmints, their toxic effects on the body.
Anemia
Many types of intestinal helminths bind to the intestinal wall, damage it, causing a sufficiently greater loss of blood, which leads to anemia.
Nervousness, Sleep Alteration
Toxic substances of the vital activity of parasites irritate the central nervous system, causing greater anxiety and nervousness. Frequent awakening in the middle of the night, especially between 2 and 3 hours, is also the result of body attempts to get rid of toxic substances through the liver.
"Chronic fatigue syndrome"
The "chronic fatigue syndrome" includes weakness, decrease without cause and fever, emotional instability, loss of concentration and bad memory. These symptoms can be the result of anemia, poisoning, lack of body nutrients caused by parasites.
Having discovered the members of their family of several symptoms, they submit to diagnoses about parasitism and perform a preventive treatment course of deworming.
Diagnosis
Recently, the presence of parasites was determined only by the duodenal sound method and stool tests using microscopic studies, whose purpose is to detect selected helminths or their fragments, eggs and larvae. The eggs and larvae of parasites in the liver, the bile routes, the pancreas and the duodenum were found in bile and duodenal content; In the intestinal forms of heline, they examined stool samples; In case of suspicion of Paragonimoz, the sputum was investigated, and urine - urine in genitourinary altosomosis. But the reliability of these studies depends on the professionalism of employees, if the laboratory assistant will be accounting for the microscopic examination of parasites. In addition, if the parasite did not postpone the eggs at the time the check is performed, its presence will go unnoticed even with high qualifications of the laboratory assistant. Often, only with 8-10 attempts you can get a positive result.
Today, there are immunological studies that allow him to determine in the blood of an infected person the presence of antigens and antibodies for parasites of various types. The reliability of such analysis depends on the life cycle of the parasites and their amount in the body.
The most vulnerable to the effects of parasites are children. They are infected with various types of parasites through dirty hands, sand, earth and water. Sometimes, child infection can occur in intrauterine, since simpler larvae, bacteria, viruses, candida and helminths can penetrate the fetus through the placenta with blood flow, as well as during birth through the birth channel.
Do not risk the health of your children, do preventive deworming courses.